Causes of Dystocia (5 of 5)

Solving the Mysteries of Obstetrics, Part 5 of 5

Maternal Causes of Dystocia Maxine Kinne Blue lettering indicates the sire's possible contribution to dystocia.
Birth Canal		Abdomen	Uterus
Deficient Pelvis	Impaired Dilation	Expulsive Defect	Inertia
Immature pelvis Deficient adult pelvis Pelvic malformations Obesity Disease Fracture Breed	Uterus Congenital defect Hormone imbalance Cervical failure Inertia Scar tissue Torsion Vagina Congenital defect Obesity Prolapse Scarring Growths Herniated bladder Injuries Vulva Congenital defect Scarring Immaturity	Age Debility Pain Uterine hernia Ruptured diaphragm Ruptured uterus	Primary Myometrium defects Intrinsic weakness Overstretching Toxic degeneration Obesity Senility Deficient diet Mineral imbalances Systemic illness Large fetus Large litter Lack of exercise Heredity Metabolic defect Hormone imbalance Minerals (Ca/Mg) Premature birth or abortion (many causes) Genetic defects Environmental disturbance Stress Uterine rupture Uterine torsion Secondary Exhaustion due to dystocia

Fetal Causes of Dystocia
Oversize	Faulty Orientation	Fetal Death
Absolute oversize Small litter Breed Prolonged gestation Birth defects Overfeeding	Presentation (lengthwise) Posterior (breech) Transverse Simultaneous Position Ventral (upside-down) Lateral (sideways) Posture (deviated limbs) Front legs (?) Head (?) Hind legs (breech)	Heredity Disease Injury
Note: It has been theorized in the Pygmy breed that: 1) head deviations may be the result of very short necks 2) front leg deviations may be the result of heavy bone and very short legs

Solving the Mysteries of Obstetrics

1 Normal Birth
2 - Recognizing and Assisting Dystocia
3 - Special Pregnancy Problems
4 - Hereditary and Congenital Defects
5 - Causes of Dystocia (chart)

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