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Solving the Mysteries of Obstetrics, Part 4 of 5
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| Abdominal fissure | Opening in the abdominal wall and herniation of organs | ||
| Abrachia | Absence of both front legs (see apodia, monobrachia, monopodia) | ||
| Acantholysis | Shedding of epidermis | ||
| Achondroplasia | Dwarfism | ||
| Adadctyly | Partial or complete absence of toes/claws (see polydactyly and syndactyly) | ||
| Albinism | Lack of pigment and pink eyes | ||
| Amorphous globosus | Hair-covered ball with no body form | ||
| Anasarca | Extensive subcutaneous edema | ||
| Anencephaly | Absence of brain | ||
| Angular limb deformity | Legs grow crookedly | ||
| Ankylosis | Legs permanently bent | ||
| Anophthalmia | Absence of one or both eyes | ||
| Apodia | Absence of both hind limbs | ||
| Arthrogryposis | Permanent joint contracture(s), may be associated with cleft palate,
spinal defects and prolonged gestation |
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| Atresia ani | absence of an anal opening | ||
| Autoimmune skin defects | Varied | ||
| Brachygnathia | Short lower jaw (overshot, parrot mouth, monkey mouth) | ||
| Campylognathia | Lateral deviation of the face with a normal jaw | ||
| Cataracts | Lens opacity in one or both eyes | ||
| Cerebellar ataxia | Staggering and incoordination (CNS) | ||
| Cerebellar hypoplasia | Under-developed cerebellum (part of brain) | ||
| Choanal atresia | Partial or total blockage of nostrils by an internal membrane | ||
| Cleft palate | Fissure in the hard or soft palate | ||
| Collagen dysplasia | Extreme skin fragility | ||
| Coloboma | Absence or defect of eye tissue | ||
| Conjoined fetuses | Siamese twins | ||
| Contracted tendons | Leg joints flexed, most commonly at pastern/fetlock | ||
| Cryptorchidism | One or both testicles absent/retained in body cavity (testicular aplasia) | ||
| Cyclopia | One eye | ||
| Cystic ovaries | Ovarian follicles do not ovulate, frequent/prolonged estrus | ||
| Dermoid cyst | Subcutaneous/ovarian/eyelid tumor Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve elements, teeth |
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| Double cervix | Two cervixes (mullerian duct defect) | ||
| Entropion | Eyelids turned inward | ||
| Epididymis defects | Several defects inside the testicles | ||
| Epilepsy | Characterized by seizures (CNS) | ||
| Exencephaly | Defective cranium with brain exposed | ||
| Freemartin | Heifer co-twin to bull, due to placental anastamosis. Small vulva, blind vagina, ovarian hypoplasia. Can occur in goats |
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| Gangliosidosis | (CNS) enzyme defect, neuromuscular dysfunction and impaired growth | ||
| Glaucoma | increased pressure in the eye | ||
| Gluconeogenesis Type II | (CNS) metabolic defect; incoordination and muscle weakness | ||
| Goiter | Thyroid gland dysfunction (also caused by nutritional factors) | ||
| Heart defects | Many types | ||
| Hermaphroditism | Internal genitals and gonads of both sexes, external genitals intermediate | ||
| Holocardius acephalus | Front legs and head absent | ||
| Hydrallantois | Excess allantoic fluid | ||
| Hydramnios | Excess amniotic fluid, commonly associated with fetal deformity | ||
| Hydrancephaly | Brain absent and replaced with fluid-filled tissue | ||
| Hydrocephalus | Excess CSF fluid in brain; enlarged head, many associated defects | ||
| Hypotrichosis | Hairlessness | ||
| IgG2 deficiency | Immune deficiency | ||
| Intersex | Hermaphrodite or pseudohermaphrodite | ||
| Inverted nipples | Teats turned inward | ||
| Mammary gland aplasia/hypoplasia | One or more missing glands / One or more glands smaller than normal | ||
| Mannosidosis | Metabolic defect with CNS signs | ||
| Microphthalmia | Eyes much smaller than normal | ||
| Monobrachia | Absence of one front limb | ||
| Monopodia | Absence of one hind limb | ||
| Mullerian duct defects | Males appear as some type of intersex Females - partial or complete absence of the vagina, cervix or uterus |
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| Muscular dystrophy | Muscle degeneration, weakness, wasting and possible contracture | ||
| Muscular hypertrophy | 'Double muscling' as in Belgian Blue cattle and Callipyge sheep | ||
| Neuronal lipodystrophy | Storage disease with neurological signs | ||
| Nyctalopia | Night blindness | ||
| Ovarian aplasia/hypoplasia | One or both ovaries absent | ||
| Parakeratosis (Lethal trait L-46) | Reduced intestinal capacity to absorb zinc, lymphoid & thymic
hypoplasia, dermal and intestinal lesions at young age |
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| Patent urachus | Urachus does not close at birth, dribbling urine | ||
| Penis defects | Shorter than normal, deviated, persistent frenulum | ||
| Perosumus elumbis | Absence of spinal column beyond the ribs | ||
| Persistent frenulum | Failure of the frenulum to separate; impairs breeding ability | ||
| Persistent hymen | Vaginal membrane remains unbroken after breeding | ||
| Polydactyly | Extra toes | ||
| Polythelia | Supernumerary teats (see supernumerary and synthelia) | ||
| Prognathism | Short upper jaw (undershot jaw) | ||
| Prolonged gestation | Either a large nonviable fetus or a small defective fetus | ||
| Protoporyphria | Enzyme defect causing haemolytic anemia, photosensitivity, dermatitis, hair loss | ||
| Pseudohermaphrodite | Gonads of one sex but contradiction in appearance. Females are genetically and gonadally female with partial masculinization. Males are genetically and gonadally male with incomplete masculinization. |
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| Pyloric stenosis | Partial or complete stricture of pyloric opening to rumen | ||
| Renal agenesis | Absence of one or both kidneys | ||
| Retinal dysplasia | Nonattached retina | ||
| Schistosomus reflexus | Spinal cord bent backward, open body cavity with organs exposed | ||
| Scoliosis | Lateral deviation of spinal column | ||
| Scrotal hernia | Protrusion of intestines into the scrotum | ||
| Seminal vesicular gland defects | Several defects inside testicles | ||
| Spastic paresis | Contracture of hind leg muscles; shows up from 3 months to 2 years old | ||
| Spermatozoa defects | Varied | ||
| Spina bifida | Defective closure of spinal parts | ||
| Strabismus | Deviation of one eyeball | ||
| Supernumerary teats | More than the usual number of teats | ||
| Syndactyly | One toe (claw) instead of two | ||
| Synthelia | Fused teats (bifurcal) | ||
| Testicular hypoplasia | One or both testes smaller than normal | ||
| Torticollis | Twisted neck, wry neck | ||
| Umbilical hernia | Protrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal wall | ||
| Uterus didelphys | Double uterus (mullerian duct defect) | ||
| Vaginal or vulval atresia | Absence of vaginal or vulval opening | ||
| Vaginal prolapse | Eversion of vagina (may include cervix) through the vulva (also caused by nutritional factors and body type combined with large litter) |
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| Wry tail | Defect between coccygeal vertebrae | ||
| Solving the Mysteries of Obstetrics
1 Normal
Birth |
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Copyright 1997 |